视音频数据处理：FLV封装格式解析
本文介绍将他们打包到一起后的数据——封装格式数据的处理程序。封装格式数据在视频播放器中的位置如下所示。
本文中的程序是一个FLV封装格式解析程序。该程序可以从FLV中分析得到它的基本单元Tag，并且可以简单解析Tag首部的字段。通过修改该程序可以实现不同的FLV格式数据处理功能。
原理
FLV封装格式是由一个FLV Header文件头和一个一个的Tag组成的。Tag中包含了音频数据以及视频数据。FLV的结构如下图所示。
有关FLV的格式本文不再做记录。可以参考文章《 视音频编解码学习工程：FLV封装格式分析器》。本文的程序实现了FLV中的FLV Header和Tag的解析，并可以分离出其中的音频流。
代码
整个程序位于simplest_flv_parser()函数中，如下所示。
/**
*
* 本项目包含如下几种视音频测试示例：
* (1)像素数据处理程序。包含RGB和YUV像素格式处理的函数。
* (2)音频采样数据处理程序。包含PCM音频采样格式处理的函数。
* (3)H.264码流分析程序。可以分离并解析NALU。
* (4)AAC码流分析程序。可以分离并解析ADTS帧。
* (5)FLV封装格式分析程序。可以将FLV中的MP3音频码流分离出来。
* (6)UDP-RTP协议分析程序。可以将分析UDP/RTP/MPEG-TS数据包。
*
* This project contains following samples to handling multimedia data:
* (1) Video pixel data handling program. It contains several examples to handle RGB and YUV data.
* (2) Audio sample data handling program. It contains several examples to handle PCM data.
* (3) H.264 stream analysis program. It can parse H.264 bitstream and analysis NALU of stream.
* (4) AAC stream analysis program. It can parse AAC bitstream and analysis ADTS frame of stream.
* (5) FLV format analysis program. It can analysis FLV file and extract MP3 audio stream.
* (6) UDP-RTP protocol analysis program. It can analysis UDP/RTP/MPEG-TS Packet.
*
*/
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <string.h>
//Important!
#pragma pack(1)
#define TAG_TYPE_SCRIPT 18
#define TAG_TYPE_AUDIO 8
#define TAG_TYPE_VIDEO 9
typedef unsigned char byte;
typedef unsigned int uint;
typedef struct {
byte Signature[3];
byte Version;
byte Flags;
uint DataOffset;
} FLV_HEADER;
typedef struct {
byte TagType;
byte DataSize[3];
byte Timestamp[3];
uint Reserved;
} TAG_HEADER;
//reverse_bytes - turn a BigEndian byte array into a LittleEndian integer
uint reverse_bytes(byte *p, char c) {
int r = 0;
int i;
for (i=0; i<c; i++)
r |= ( *(p+i) << (((c-1)*8)-8*i));
return r;
}
/**
* Analysis FLV file
* @param url Location of input FLV file.
*/
int simplest_flv_parser(char *url){
//whether output audio/video stream
int output_a=1;
int output_v=1;
//-------------
FILE *ifh=NULL,*vfh=NULL, *afh = NULL;
//FILE *myout=fopen("output_log.txt","wb+");
FILE *myout=stdout;
FLV_HEADER flv;
TAG_HEADER tagheader;
uint previoustagsize, previoustagsize_z=0;
uint ts=0, ts_new=0;
ifh = fopen(url, "rb+");
if ( ifh== NULL) {
printf("Failed to open files!");
return -1;
}
//FLV file header
fread((char *)&flv,1,sizeof(FLV_HEADER),ifh);
fprintf(myout,"============== FLV Header ==============\n");
fprintf(myout,"Signature: 0x %c %c %c\n",flv.Signature[0],flv.Signature[1],flv.Signature[2]);
fprintf(myout,"Version: 0x %X\n",flv.Version);
fprintf(myout,"Flags : 0x %X\n",flv.Flags);
fprintf(myout,"HeaderSize: 0x %X\n",reverse_bytes((byte *)&flv.DataOffset, sizeof(flv.DataOffset)));
fprintf(myout,"========================================\n");
//move the file pointer to the end of the header
fseek(ifh, reverse_bytes((byte *)&flv.DataOffset, sizeof(flv.DataOffset)), SEEK_SET);
//process each tag
do {
previoustagsize = _getw(ifh);
fread((void *)&tagheader,sizeof(TAG_HEADER),1,ifh);
//int temp_datasize1=reverse_bytes((byte *)&tagheader.DataSize, sizeof(tagheader.DataSize));
int tagheader_datasize=tagheader.DataSize[0]*65536+tagheader.DataSize[1]*256+tagheader.DataSize[2];
int tagheader_timestamp=tagheader.Timestamp[0]*65536+tagheader.Timestamp[1]*256+tagheader.Timestamp[2];
char tagtype_str[10];
switch(tagheader.TagType){
case TAG_TYPE_AUDIO:sprintf(tagtype_str,"AUDIO");break;
case TAG_TYPE_VIDEO:sprintf(tagtype_str,"VIDEO");break;
case TAG_TYPE_SCRIPT:sprintf(tagtype_str,"SCRIPT");break;
default:sprintf(tagtype_str,"UNKNOWN");break;
}
fprintf(myout,"[%6s] %6d %6d |",tagtype_str,tagheader_datasize,tagheader_timestamp);
//if we are not past the end of file, process the tag
if (feof(ifh)) {
break;
}
//process tag by type
switch (tagheader.TagType) {
case TAG_TYPE_AUDIO:{
char audiotag_str[100]={0};
strcat(audiotag_str,"| ");
char tagdata_first_byte;
tagdata_first_byte=fgetc(ifh);
int x=tagdata_first_byte&0xF0;
x=x>>4;
switch (x)
{
case 0:strcat(audiotag_str,"Linear PCM, platform endian");break;
case 1:strcat(audiotag_str,"ADPCM");break;
case 2:strcat(audiotag_str,"MP3");break;
case 3:strcat(audiotag_str,"Linear PCM, little endian");break;
case 4:strcat(audiotag_str,"Nellymoser 16-kHz mono");break;
case 5:strcat(audiotag_str,"Nellymoser 8-kHz mono");break;
case 6:strcat(audiotag_str,"Nellymoser");break;
case 7:strcat(audiotag_str,"G.711 A-law logarithmic PCM");break;
case 8:strcat(audiotag_str,"G.711 mu-law logarithmic PCM");break;
case 9:strcat(audiotag_str,"reserved");break;
case 10:strcat(audiotag_str,"AAC");break;
case 11:strcat(audiotag_str,"Speex");break;
case 14:strcat(audiotag_str,"MP3 8-Khz");break;
case 15:strcat(audiotag_str,"Device-specific sound");break;
default:strcat(audiotag_str,"UNKNOWN");break;
}
strcat(audiotag_str,"| ");
x=tagdata_first_byte&0x0C;
x=x>>2;
switch (x)
{
case 0:strcat(audiotag_str,"5.5-kHz");break;
case 1:strcat(audiotag_str,"1-kHz");break;
case 2:strcat(audiotag_str,"22-kHz");break;
case 3:strcat(audiotag_str,"44-kHz");break;
default:strcat(audiotag_str,"UNKNOWN");break;
}
strcat(audiotag_str,"| ");
x=tagdata_first_byte&0x02;
x=x>>1;
switch (x)
{
case 0:strcat(audiotag_str,"8Bit");break;
case 1:strcat(audiotag_str,"16Bit");break;
default:strcat(audiotag_str,"UNKNOWN");break;
}
strcat(audiotag_str,"| ");
x=tagdata_first_byte&0x01;
switch (x)
{
case 0:strcat(audiotag_str,"Mono");break;
case 1:strcat(audiotag_str,"Stereo");break;
default:strcat(audiotag_str,"UNKNOWN");break;
}
fprintf(myout,"%s",audiotag_str);
//if the output file hasn't been opened, open it.
if(output_a!=0&&afh == NULL){
afh = fopen("output.mp3", "wb");
}
//TagData - First Byte Data
int data_size=reverse_bytes((byte *)&tagheader.DataSize, sizeof(tagheader.DataSize))-1;
if(output_a!=0){
//TagData+1
for (int i=0; i<data_size; i++)
fputc(fgetc(ifh),afh);
}else{
for (int i=0; i<data_size; i++)
fgetc(ifh);
}
break;
}
case TAG_TYPE_VIDEO:{
char videotag_str[100]={0};
strcat(videotag_str,"| ");
char tagdata_first_byte;
tagdata_first_byte=fgetc(ifh);
int x=tagdata_first_byte&0xF0;
x=x>>4;
switch (x)
{
case 1:strcat(videotag_str,"key frame ");break;
case 2:strcat(videotag_str,"inter frame");break;
case 3:strcat(videotag_str,"disposable inter frame");break;
case 4:strcat(videotag_str,"generated keyframe");break;
case 5:strcat(videotag_str,"video info/command frame");break;
default:strcat(videotag_str,"UNKNOWN");break;
}
strcat(videotag_str,"| ");
x=tagdata_first_byte&0x0F;
switch (x)
{
case 1:strcat(videotag_str,"JPEG (currently unused)");break;
case 2:strcat(videotag_str,"Sorenson H.263");break;
case 3:strcat(videotag_str,"Screen video");break;
case 4:strcat(videotag_str,"On2 VP6");break;
case 5:strcat(videotag_str,"On2 VP6 with alpha channel");break;
case 6:strcat(videotag_str,"Screen video version 2");break;
case 7:strcat(videotag_str,"AVC");break;
default:strcat(videotag_str,"UNKNOWN");break;
}
fprintf(myout,"%s",videotag_str);
fseek(ifh, -1, SEEK_CUR);
//if the output file hasn't been opened, open it.
if (vfh == NULL&&output_v!=0) {
//write the flv header (reuse the original file's hdr) and first previoustagsize
vfh = fopen("output.flv", "wb");
fwrite((char *)&flv,1, sizeof(flv),vfh);
fwrite((char *)&previoustagsize_z,1,sizeof(previoustagsize_z),vfh);
}
#if 0
//Change Timestamp
//Get Timestamp
ts = reverse_bytes((byte *)&tagheader.Timestamp, sizeof(tagheader.Timestamp));
ts=ts*2;
//Writeback Timestamp
ts_new = reverse_bytes((byte *)&ts, sizeof(ts));
memcpy(&tagheader.Timestamp, ((char *)&ts_new) + 1, sizeof(tagheader.Timestamp));
#endif
//TagData + Previous Tag Size
int data_size=reverse_bytes((byte *)&tagheader.DataSize, sizeof(tagheader.DataSize))+4;
if(output_v!=0){
//TagHeader
fwrite((char *)&tagheader,1, sizeof(tagheader),vfh);
//TagData
for (int i=0; i<data_size; i++)
fputc(fgetc(ifh),vfh);
}else{
for (int i=0; i<data_size; i++)
fgetc(ifh);
}
//rewind 4 bytes, because we need to read the previoustagsize again for the loop's sake
fseek(ifh, -4, SEEK_CUR);
break;
}
default:
//skip the data of this tag
fseek(ifh, reverse_bytes((byte *)&tagheader.DataSize, sizeof(tagheader.DataSize)), SEEK_CUR);
}
fprintf(myout,"\n");
} while (!feof(ifh));
_fcloseall();
return 0;
}上文中的函数调用方法如下所示。
simplest_flv_parser("cuc_ieschool.flv");结果
本程序的输入为一个FLV的文件路径，输出为FLV的统计数据，如下图所示。
此外本程序还可以分离FLV中的视频码流和音频码流。需要注意的是本程序并不能分离一些特定类型的音频（例如AAC）和视频，这一工作有待以后有时间再完成。
项目主页
本项目包含如下几种视音频数据解析示例：
- 像素数据处理程序。包含RGB和YUV像素格式处理的函数。
- 音频采样数据处理程序。包含PCM音频采样格式处理的函数。
- H.264码流分析程序。可以分离并解析NALU。
- AAC码流分析程序。可以分离并解析ADTS帧。
- FLV封装格式分析程序。可以将FLV中的MP3音频码流分离出来。
- UDP-RTP协议分析程序。可以将分析UDP/RTP/MPEG-TS数据包。
原文作者： 雷霄骅
